As winter progresses, three viruses—Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), bird flu, and norovirus—are causing concern as infections rise across the U.S. Experts from the CDC and health institutions have shared their insights on the situation, with each virus presenting different risks and challenges for the public health system.
Bird Flu (H5N1) has seen a recent uptick in cases, with 66 people testing positive since January 2024. Though there have been no confirmed instances of human-to-human transmission, experts are keeping a close eye on the potential for mutation. The bird flu has already impacted millions of birds and caused disruptions in the food supply, including a shortage of eggs in certain areas.
HMPV is another respiratory virus making waves, especially in China, with increasing reports of infections. While there’s no vaccine yet for HMPV, which causes symptoms like cough and fever, the virus can lead to severe complications like pneumonia or bronchitis in vulnerable individuals such as children, older adults, and those with weakened immune systems. The World Health Organization has noted a rise in respiratory infections across the Northern Hemisphere, including HMPV, RSV, and seasonal flu.
Norovirus, the leading cause of foodborne illness in the U.S., is also on the rise, with the CDC reporting a significant increase in outbreaks. This virus typically causes stomach issues like vomiting and diarrhea, which can lead to dehydration, particularly in sensitive groups. Though it’s not as severe as respiratory illnesses, norovirus causes hundreds of deaths annually and millions of cases of illness.
Despite these rising infections, experts like Dr. Jatin Vyas from Columbia University stress that the public shouldn’t be overly alarmed. “For the average person, we are not especially concerned about any one single pathogen circulating in the U.S. at this time,” he explained. However, the increase in infections, particularly during the winter months, poses a challenge to healthcare systems already strained by other seasonal viruses like flu and COVID-19.
To prevent the spread of these viruses, experts emphasize vaccination, hand hygiene, and staying home when sick. While the risk of a pandemic is currently low, continued vigilance and public health preparedness remain critical to controlling the spread of these illnesses.
